LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY - LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 1151
Supplementary Notes - Historical Overview
| Islamic | |
| Hot | |
| Arid | |
| Oasis - high contrast to surroundings | |
| Walled "Paradise" | |
| "4 Rivers"; Quadrangular layout | |
| Plants and Trees | |
| Irrigation | |
| Greek | |
| Not formal | |
| Irregular | |
| Beautifully fitted to the Site | |
| Pompeii | |
| Indoor/Outdoor relationships between houses and gardens | |
| Middle Ages | |
| Defense | |
| Inward - Introspective | |
| Walled or Tops of hills | |
| Cloisters for Study (Quadrangles) | |
| Related to Perisian Garden Ideas | |
| Examples: Carcassone, France | |
| Le Puy, France | |
| Bad Wimpfen, Germany | |
| San Gimignano, Italy | |
| Renaissance Italy |
|
| Cultivated, Intellectural Lifestyle | |
| Search for order in design | |
| Cleanliness | |
| Well Planned | |
| Luxurious Villas | |
| Plants - mainly green | |
| Color from architecture, pots, etc. | |
| Water - Extremely important in hot areas | |
| Hills - outwardly expanding views | |
| Gardens terraced with water connecting between levels | |
| Outdoor spaces (rooms) organized along sight lines | |
| Theatrical design | |
| Examples: Villa Lante | |
| Villa D'Este | |
| France | |
| Cooler and Greener than Italy | |
| Flatter terrain accentuated | |
| Water in Flat Sheets | |
| Distant Views | |
| Bilateral symmetry | |
| Huge Scale | |
| Design Teams (collaboration) | |
| LeNotre - Landscape Architect | |
| LeBrun - Painter/Interior Designer | |
| LeVau - Architect | |
| Examples: Vaux LeVicomte | |
| Versailles | |
| England | |
| Cool and damp climate perfect for green grass and flowers | |
| Early gardens were imitations of the Italian style | |
| A "Design Revolution" changed all of this | |
| There was much literary discussion of the landscape | |
| English Landscape School attacked the old Renaissance ideas | |
| Romantic painting of wild landscapes influenced design ideas | |
| Picturesque designs developed for gardens | |
| Many old gardens were destroyed | |
| "Park - like" landscape replaced the old formal garden ideas | |
| Japan | |
| Influenced by early Chinese heritage of Paradise Gardens | |
| Imitations of Nature | |
| Pleasure Gradens for entertainment | |
| Miniature gardens as compared to the much larger early Chinese Gardens | |
| Reproduction of natur by artificial means | |
| Public Parks were observed in China 1000 years before the development of Western parks | |
| Scenic paintings were translated into garden designs. | |
| Not symmetrical | |
| Park Movement | |
| "Parks" orginally were country estates for the wealthy | |
| Technology and Social Consciousness combined to create public parks | |
| Emphasis on "social" aspects of design | |
| Concern for health and safety of workers and urban dwellers | |
| Repton proposed as "scientific approach" to planning the landscape (knowledge) of surveying, mechanics, hydraulices, agriculture, botany and architecture) | |
| These ideas were spread through America | |
| Birkenhead Park in Liverpool, England was the first planned public park | |
| Olmsted wrote about his observations of the park | |
| Utilitarian planning emphasized drainage systems and open space for disease prevention | |
| Recreation thought of as a means of preventing crime | |
| The park movement and Central Park in particular later influenced town planning and highway design throughout the world. |